Automatic firearm



April 14, 1931- J. E. BRowNlNG AUTOMATIC FIREARM Filed April 30 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet l April 14, 1931 J. E. BRowNlNG AUTOMATIC FIREARM Filed April 50. 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 April 14, 1931. J. E. BRowNlNG L AUTOMATIC FIREARM Filed April 30 1929 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 .NM l .7. mwvgmwaa mw n .www w m W mm 9N mm @E 9%? fm Q mw ,m f m\ o Si@ mmf@ ml E 2v m Www@ m M w/,E NME NNN. m 0,. M

om@ N9 April 14, 1931. J. E. BRowNlNG AUTOMATIC FIREARM Filed April 50,v 1929 4 Sheets-Shes?"l 4 fxf w ,Wm ma. Mtn Vn g @E O` nsw, im @mig m mm Mwww G .ME @MMM www@ Nm NN nu d om QS Nm Sw Sw. Ob QQ NM@ atentedi Apr. 14'?, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT `OFFICE JONATHAN EDMUND BROWNING, OF OGIDEN, UTAH, ASSIGNOR TIO J, E. BROWNING COM- PANY, OF OGDEN, UTAH, CORPORATION OF UTAH AUTOMATIC FIREARM application inea apra-ao,

The invention is particularly applicable to a shoulder arm of rile caliber and I have shown such a firearm so constructed as to require the manual operation ot' the trigger to effect the firing of each shot. In regard to this latter feature, however, I do not necessarily limit myself and as concerns some of its phases the invention is applicable totirerms adapted for full automatic or volley rin Tiige invent-ion relates particularly to a fiream of the class wherein the barrel and barrel extension and also the breech slide or bolt move rearward upon recoil to a limited extent and wherein the breech bolt is then permitted to move rearward separately from the barrel and barrel extension and to a. greater extent, being returned to its forward locked position automatically. The separate rearward movement of the breech bolt effects the extraction and ejection of the cartridge shell, eiiects the cocking of the firing mechanism and effects the transfer of a cartridge from the magazine to the firing chamber.

The invention relates more particularly to a iirearm having a breech mechanism embodying the invention disclosed in the copending application in the name of John M. Browning for breech mechanism for firearms, Serial No. 370,324, tiled June 12, 1929. In accordance with the present invention l have provided certain improvements in a mechanism of the type disclosed in the said copending application, these improvements providing greater simplicity and compactness of construction and greater reliability of operation.

A more specific object of the invention is to provide a firearm of the class described having a link mechanism and having a handle adapted for manually operating the gun and connected in peculiar relationship to the parts of the linkage.

A further specific object of the invention is to provide a firearm of the class described having a link mechanism and having means operated by the link mechanism for effecting the cocking of the gun. l

Still further objects of the invention will be 1929. Serial No. 359,317.

apparent from the following specification and claims.

In the accompanying drawings I have shown one embodiment of the invention but it will be understood that the drawings are intended for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as defining or limiting Figs. 2 and 3 are enlarged fragmentary longitudinal sectional views of the gun taken from the right and showing the gun mechanism in different positions.

Fig. l is a transverse sectional view taken along the line t-ll of Fig. 3.

Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are enlarged fragmentary longitudinal sectional views partly diagrammatic and showing the gun mechanism in ditferent positions.

Figs. 8 and 9 are plan and side views respectively of the receiver.

Figs. 10 and 11 are transverse sectional views taken respectively along the line 10-10 and 11-11 of Fig. 9.

Figs. 12 and 13 are plan and side views respectively of the barrel and barrel extension.

Fig. 14 is a transverse sectional view taken along the line lll-14C of Fig. 12.

Fig. 15, 16, 17 and 18 are plan, side, rear end and front end views respectively of the breech bolt and parts carried thereby.

Fig. 19 is a. longitudinal sectional View of the breech bolt and parts carried thereby.

Fig. 2O is a perspective view of the reaction post adapted to be connected with the barrel extension. y

Figs. 21, 22 and 23 are side, rear end and front end view respectively of the reaction spring and associated parts.

Figs. 24, 25 and 26 are plan, side and front rlil views respectively of the locking link or Figs. 27, 28 and 29 are plan, side and front end views respectively of the connecting link.

Figs. 30 and 31 are side and front views respectively of the operating link.

Fi s. 32 and.33 are plan and side views re l speetively of the frame.

Fi s. 34 and 35 are rear and side views respectively of the trigger.

Figs. 36 and 37 are plan and side views respectively of the trigger lever and connector.

Figs. 38, 39 and 40 are plan, side and front end views of the safety device.

Figs. 41, 42 and 43 are left side, rear end and right side views respectively of the slidinsafety member. l

igs. 44 and 45 are plan and side views respectively of the magazine latch.

Figs. 46 and 47 are plan and side views respectively of the breech bolt stop slide.

Referring to the drawings, particularly Fig. 1, the receiver is shown at 1, the barrel at 2, the barrel extension at 3, the stock at 4, the barrel cover at 5 and the barrel jacket at 6. The jacket may be provided with vent holes 7, 7 as shown in Fig. 2 registering with similar holes in the stock and barrel cover for cooling the gun. The stock and barrel cover are connected by means of rear and forward bands 8 and 9. The trigger is shown at 10 and the trigger guard at 11 and the magazine at 12. Sights are shown at and 14 but the invention does not relate in any way to the sights and it will be understood that sights of other types may be substituted for those shown.

The relationship between the receiver 1 and certain other parts of the gun is shown in Figs. 2 to 4 and the structural details of the receiver itself are shown in Figs. 8 to 11. The receiver 1 has a main substantially tubular section 15 which is open at the rear and at the front and which is adapted to be connected at its front end with the rear end of the barrel jacket 6, a threaded connection 16 being shown for this purpose. The receiver 1 is provided with parallel longitudinal side walls 17, 17 which are adapted to receive between them the lower part of the barrel extension 3 and to serve as guides for controlling the longitudinal movement thereof. The rear portions of the walls 17, 17 have grooves 18, 18 therein. At the bottom the receiver is provided with an opening 19, this opening serving among other things for the reception of the magazine 12. The receiver has a rear extension 2O with a threaded hole therein adapted to receive a bolt 21 (Fig. 2) for connecting the receiver with 'the stock 4. Connected with the receiver 1 at the bottom thereof is a frame 22 which will be described in detail hereinafter. The stock 4 is connected to the frame 22 by means of a bolt 2l.

The barrel 2 and the barrel extension 3 are shown in operative relation with other parts in Figs. 2 to 4 and their details of construction are shown in Figs. 12 to 14. The barrel and the barrel extension are suitably connected together as by threading and the barrel is provided at the rear with the usual cartridge chamber 23. The barrel extension 3 is formed at the bottom with guide portions 24, 24 adapted to enter between and be guided by the side walls 17, 17 of the receiver. The guide portions 24, 24 are provided with tongues 25, 25 adapted to enter the grooves 18, 18 in the said side walls 17, 17. This tongue and groove connection prevents any upward movement of the 'barrel extension with respect to the receiver. The relationship between the barrel extension and the receiver' is clearly shown in Fig. 4. Upon assembly the barrel and barrel extension are inserted from the rear the barrel extension being guided between the walls 17 17. lVhen the mechanism is completely assembled the barrel and barrel extension have Only a limited movement with respect to the receiver as will presently be described. The barrel extension has side walls 26, 26 for partly enclosing and for guiding the breech bolt which will presently be described. The Side walls 26, 26 have longitudinal grooves 27, 27 formed therein.

'lhe barrel extension 3 has an opening 28 in the lower portion thereof adapted to receive the upper end of the magazine 12 and permit the passage therethrough of cartridges from the said magazine. lThe barrel extension has another opening 29 in the lower portion thereof near the rear for a purpose to be presently described. The entire upper portion of the barrel extension is open to receive the breech bolt and the operating linkage which will presently be described. l`his opening at the top also serves to permit the ejection of empty cartridges.

Fig. 2 shows the breech bolt 30 in its normal relationship with the other parts of the gun and this figure also shows some of the details of the breech bolt. Other details are shown in Figs.- 15 to 19. The breech bolt 30 is supported and guided directly by the barrel extension 3 between the walls 26, 26 thereof. The breech bolt has longitudinal tongues 31, 31 which enter the grooves 27, 27 of the barrel extension. The breech bolt is provided at the rear with a cent-ral longitudinal slot 32 for a purpose to be presently described.

The barrel extension 3 carries a downward projecting post 33 preferably formed separatel)Y therefrom. This is shown in detail in Fig. The post 33 is provided with an upward extending flanged projection 34 adapted to enter a T-slot 35 formed near the bottom of the barrel extension 3. The post 33 is provided with a' hole 36 for receiving a button 37 at the forward end of the reaction spring 38. The spring 38 and associated parts are l shown in detail in Figs. 21 to 23. The spring 38 is enclosed in a tube 39. The tube 39 is formed with an upward extending lug 40 adapted t.: enter a hole 40 in the receiver 1. During azseinbly the lug 40 prevents relative endwise movement ofthe tube, but' when the parts are "completely assembled as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 the rear end of the tube abuts directly against thel frame 22 thus relieving the lug 40 from stress. Thus the tube is held against longitudinal movement and is enabled to serve as an abutnient for the rear end 0f the spring 3S. By reference to Fig. 2 it will be seen that the reaction spring 38 serves to apply pressure to the post and thus serves to normally hold the barrel extension and associated parts in their forward positions.

Y For holdingthe breech bolt SO in its fora ward lposition at the time of firing there is provi( ed a lock link or bolt 41 shown in detail in Figs. 24 to 26. The lock link 41 is pivoted to the barrel extension 3 by means of a transverse pin-42 extending through a hole 423 in the link and through holes 44, 44 in the said extension. The link 41 is provided with a` slot 45 near its forward end.v this slot receiving the rear end of a connecting link 46 shown in de tail in Figs. 27 to 29. r1`he link 46 is pivotally connected with the link 41 by means of a Itransverse pin 47 extending through a hole 48 in the link 46 and through holes 49, 49 in the link 41. The forward end of the link 46 is positioned in the slot 32 of the breech bolt and the-forward end of the link is pivotally connected with the breech bolt b v means of a transverse pin 50 extendingl through a hole 51 in the link 46 and through holes 52, in the ,breech bolt.

Vhen the parts are in their normal tiring positions as shown in Fig. 2 and as shown by full lines in Fig. 5 the relationship is such that the link 46 is inoperative to move the link 41 as the result of 'pressure transmitted to the said link 46 by means of the breech bolt. This result is attained at least in part by arranging the pins 42,47 and 50 with their axes substantially in the saine plane as shown. The said link 41 has been described as a lock link or bolt and it serves the purpose of locking the breech bolt in its forward position as shown. The said link or lock bolt 41 may attain this result indirectly by means of the link 46 but preferably it attains it directly by reason of the direct engagement of the forward end thereof with the rear end of the breech bolt. Yhen the lock bolt 41 directly engages the breech bolt, the link 46 is provided with a limited amount of lost motion, as for in stance by making the hole 48 slightly elongated as clearly shown in Figs. 5 and 28. This lost motion ensures the aforesaid direct engagement between the lock bolt and the breech bolt and definitely avoids any pressure on the connecting link 46 when the parts are in the normal position. T he direct locking engagement between the lock bolt and the breech bolt is very important, as it enables the recoil pressure to be transmitted relatively directly to the barrel extension, this pressure which is normally engaged by a rearward facing shoulder 52h on the lock bolt 41. By mcansof these inter-engaging shoulders 5.2a and 52 the major portion of the pressure is breech bolt to the barrel extension, only a small portion, if any, of the pressure being transmitted to the pivot pin 42. Preferably the engaging surfaces at the rear of the breech bolt and at the front of the lock bolt are not concentric with the pivotal axis of the lock bolt at 42 but are inclined downward and rearward away from a concentric arc as shown in Fig. 5. rlhis facilitates disengagement of the lock bolt from the breech bolt during the opening movement of the mecha.-

nism and it also provides a. camming or wedging action between the shoulder 52d and the rear surface of the breech bolt during closing. n'iovement when the breech bolt is moved forward by the linkage, thus positively forcing the breech bolt forward against the rear end of the barrel.

The said lock bolt 41 and the connecting link 46 are utilized for controlling the rearward movement of the breech bolt during recoil and for returning the breech bolt to its normal position after recoil. For this purpose I provide means serving upon the combined rearward recoil movement of the barrel extension and breech bolt to initiallv move the parts so that the link 46 assumes an angular position enabling it to serve as a means for moving or assisting in moving the lock bolt to a non-locking position. Preferably and as shown this means com, prises a. link 53 which is shown in detail in Figs. 30 and 31. This link is pivotally con nected at its upper end with the lock bolt 4l by means of a pin 54 extending through holes 55, 55 in the lock bolt; The link 53 is connected at its lower end with the receiver by means of a pin 56 extending through holes 57, 57 in the receiver. By referring particularly to the dot-and-dash lines shown in Fig. 5 it will be observed that when the barrel extension 3 initially moves rearward upon recoil the link 53 is moved to an angular position. The result is that upon continued movement the bolt 41 is swung upward slightly carrying the link 46 with it as shown by full lines in Fig. 6. Vhen the bolt 41 and link 46 are moved to the said relative positions the lost motion provided by the elongated hole 48 has been taken up and the axis of the pin 47 is out of line with the Vtransmitted substantially directly from theY axes of the pins 42 and 50. The linl"46 then serves as a means for assisting the continued upward and rearward movement ot the bolt 41. The recoil pressure exerted on the breech bolt 30 is transmitted by the link 4o to the bolt 41 and therefore the links 46 and 58 both act to swing the lock bolt 41 upward and rearward to the position shown in Fig. S and shown by dot-and-dash lines in Fig. G. The movement of the parts to the rearward position is resisted by the rcaction spring 38, but if the recoil action is not entirely absorbed by the spring 88 the rearward movement of the parts is definitely limited by the engagement of the rear end of the breech bolt 30 with the lock `nolt 41 as shown in Fig. 3 and by dot-and-dash lines in Fig. G. As soon as the parts reach the rearward position they are immediately returned to their-normal forward position by the action of the spring 38. The spring acts directly through the post 33 to return the barrel extension to its normal position and the said barrel extension in moving forward serves to reverse-the linkage motion which has been already described in detail. lVhen the barrel extension reaches its forward normal position as shown in Fig. 2 the linkage has been returned to its normal position and has moved the breech bolt 30 to its forward locked position as shown.

It is preferable to have the breech bolt and the barrel and barrel extension move initially rearward in unison without any separation of the breech bolt from the barrel until after the bullet has left the barrel. To this end a limited amount of lost motion is provided at one or both of the pivots for the link In order to avoid any possible tendency of the linkage to cause or permit the premature rearward movement of the breech bolt with respect to the barrel extension I preferably provide means normally engaging one of the said parts 41 or 46 to initially positively prevent pivotal movement thereof, the said means being disengagcd .to permit pivotal movement after a limited definite amount of recoil movement. The said means as shown comprises a downward extension 58 on the lock bolt 41, this extension being provided with a horizontal notch 59 open at the iront. The before-mentioned rearward facing shoulder 52h may be formed on this downward extension 5S. The lrame 2Q carries a projection GO which enters the notch 59 when' the parts are in normal position as shown in Figs. Q and It will 'be obvious that upward movement of the bolt 41 and link 45 is positively prevented so long as the projection 60 remains in the notch 59. The said upward movement can commence only when the recoil n'lovement has progressed to the position shown by dot-anddash lines in Fig. 5 so to permit the disengagement ot the projection (50. Thereafter the parts are moved in the vway already dcscribed. i

The breech bolt 8O has a central opening therein adapted to receive the firing pin 6l, there being a smaller opening at the front through which thereduccd forward end ot the tiring pin proper extends to engage the cartridge. The tiring pin G1 is provided with a central opening 62 for receiving` the spring (S3. Pivotally mounted in a'slot at the rear ot the breech bolt 30 is the sear G4 having a tooth near the front adapted to enter a notch in the bottom ot the tiring pin, thus holding same in cocked position. The spring 63 abuts at its rear against the sear and thus serves to press the sear toward its engaged position. Laterally projecting ledges (54 on y the scar limit the movement thereof under the action of the spring when the tiring pin is not in engagement with the sear.

For moving the tiring pin to its cocked position I preferably utilize the before mentioned connecting link 46. In order that this link may serve for cocking purposes it is provided with an arm G5 which extends down-4` ward through a slot 66 inthe tiring pin. By referring to Figs. 2 and 8 it will be observed that when the link 46 is moved the arm 65 thereof engages the wall at the rear end ot' the slot 66 thus moving the tiring pin rearward suihciently to enable it to be engaged and held by the scar 64.

In order that'the gun may be manually operated for cooking and loading purposes I i preferably provide a handle which is so connected with the linkage as to adapt it first to move the links 4G and 4l to their unlocked position as shown by full lines in Fig. 6 and ther. to apply pressure to move the parts rearward to the fully open position as shown by dot-and-dash lines. Thehandle for this purpose may be variously constructed and located but I prefer a handle 67 directly connected with the link 46. As shown the link 46 is provided with an arm 68 extending transversely, preferably toward the left, and also downward. The said arm/68 extends downward suflicientlyto permit the location of the handle GT considerably below the level of the pivotal axis of the link at 50. lVith the handle 6T located below the said axis it will be seen that direct rearward pressure exerted on the handle tends first to turn the link 4G upward about its pivot and the rearward pressure upon being continued serves to move all ot the parts rearward. Thus it is possible for thi` gunner to manually operate the gun by simply applying rearward pressure to the handle 67. As soon as the iis vided at its front end with an extension 69 adapted to be inserted above ledges 70, 70 on the receiver as shown clearly in Fig. 5. The frame is provided at the rear with an upward extension 71 having a hole 72 therein adapted for receiving a transverse pin 73 the ends of the pin extending through holes 74, 74 in the receiver. The frame may be additionally held by a transverse pin 73, extending through aV hole 72a in the frame and through holes 74, 7-1 in the receiver.

The trigger 10 is located in an opening 75 in the frame 22 and is pivotally mounted by means of a transverse pin at 75a. The said trigger engages a trigger lever 7 6 pivoted to the frame by means of a transverse pin at 77. Piv'otally connected with the lever 76 at the forward end thereof is a connector 78 normally located with its upper end in register with the rear portion of the sear 64. Connected to the frame 22 is a transverse in 79 which preferably extends into holes 9, 79a in the receiver. The pin 79 serves as an upper abutment for a coil spring 80, the lower 'and of the spring abutting against an arm 81 y rejecting rearward from the connector 78.

hus the spring serves two purposes, that is, it tends to move the connector 78 rearward about its pivot and also tends to move the trigger lever 76 in a clockwise direction and the trigger in a counter-clockwise direction. The pin 79 also serves as a stop to limit forward movement of the connector 78. When the trigger is pulled rearward and pressure of the spring 80 is overcome and the connector 78 is pushed upward to engage the sear 64 and move it sufficiently to release the firing pin 62.

In order to prevent continuous or volley firing of the gun by merely holding the trigger 10 in its firing position thesear 64 is provided with a forward facing shoulder 82. (Figs. 5 to 7.) If the gunner fails to release the trigger 10 promptly or if he deliberately holds itin the firing position as indicated in Fig. 6, the upper end of the connector 78 will be held in the path of movement of the shoulder 82 on the sear 61kt When the breech bolt and associated partsireturn.

to their forward positions as shown in Fig. 7 the shoulder 82 on the sear will move the connector 78 forward in opposition to the spring 80 as clearly shown. The sear is not moved and cannot be moved until the pressure on the trigger is first released, thus allowing the spring 80 to restore the parts to the relative positions shown in Fig. 5. Thereafter' the gun can be fired in the regular way as already described.

l prefer to provide a safety device 83 which is positioned to be gripped by the hand of the gunner when holding the gun with his finger upon the trigger. The safety device 83 is located in an opening 83a in the rearward extension 20 ofthe receiver and is pivoted at 8l to the said extension being normally held in its upper position by means of a spring 85 abutting against a transverse pin at 86. The safety device and associated parts are shown in detail in Figs. 38 to 10. The safety device 83 is provided with an upward extending projection 87 which is adapted to extend through an opening 87 and engage the rear end of the barrel extension as shown in Figs. 2 and 5. Thus when the safety device is in its upper locking position the barrel eX- tension is positively locked against rearward movement. When the un is fired after depressing the safety device 83 the upper end of the projection 87 engages the smooth lower surface of the barrel extension at the left hand side of the opening 29 and returns automatically to the position shown in Fig. 2 as soon as the barrel extension returns to its normal forward position.

The safety device 83 in addition to blocking the rearward movement of the barrel extension also serves to prevent movement of the trigger 10. To this end there is provided a sliding member 88 which is held in place and partly guided by means of atransverse pin at 89 the said pin projecting through a slot 90. The member 88 is provided at its left hand side with a cam groove 91 which engages with a projection 92 on the right hand side of the safety device 83. The member 88 is provided with a forward extension 93 which is adapted to fit under a pin 9-1 on the trigger 10 as clearly shown in F ig. 5. The angle of the slot 91 is such that upon downward movement of the safety device 83 the member 88 is moved forward sufficiently to disengage the projection 93 from the pin 94.`

This releases the trigger 10 and permits the gun to be fired.

The magazine 12 is adapted to be located within an opening 95 in the frame 22. The

magazine may be of any suitable construction but I prefer a magazine such as shown in detail in my copending application for automatic firearms Serial No.y 262,818, filed March 19, 1928. 'V

As set forth in greater detail in my said copending application there is provided a vertical movable slide 96 which is located in a hole 96a in the frame 22. The slide is shown in detail in Figs. 46 and 47. The slide 96 is-.normally pressed downward by a spring 96b 'engaging a pin. at 96C. (Fig. 4.) The top of the slide 96 is normally below the path of movement of the breech bolt but it is engaged by the follower 97 of the magazine after the last cartridge has been fired so as to be pressed upward into the path of movementof the breech bolt. Thus the breech bolt and the parts connected therewith are held in the rearmost position as shown in Fig. 3 after the firing of the last cartridge in the magazine.

T he magazine 12 is provided with a notch in its rear wall for receiving the forward end of a latch 98 carried by the frame 22, the said latch rojecting through a hole 98EL in the frame. T e latch 98 is provided with a iinger piece 99 which projects downward through an opening 100 in the frame 22 so as to be locatedwithin the guard 11 in convenient position for engagement by the gunners finger. The latch 98 is pressed downward and forward by means of a spring 101, shown most clearly in Fig. 3, thedownward and forward movement being limited by a transverse pin 102. It will be seen that by pressing upward on the finger piece 99 the latch is cammed rearward by the pin 102, its forward end thus being withdrawn from the notch in the magazine.

The magazine 12 serves to supply cartridges to a position such that they can be engaged by the breech bolt 30 during the forward movement thereof and forced into the firing chamber 23 of the barrel. The breech bolt 30 carries an extractor 103 whiclrmav be of any usual or preferred construction and which need not be described in detail. This serves to withdraw the empty cartridge shell' during the rearward movement of the breech bolt. Carried by the barrel extension 3 is an ejector 104. The ejector is located below the center line of the cartridge and cooperates with the extractor to eject the empty shell upward through the opening in the top of the barrel extension.

What I claim is:

1. In a iirearm of the type described, the combination of a barrel and barrel extension movable rearward upon recoil, a breech bolt also movable rearward upon recoil, a lock bolt pivoted to the barrel extension behind the breech bolt and normally directly engaging the breech bolt to obstruct rearward movement thereof relatively to the barrel extension, an operating link pivoted at one end to the lock bolt and having a fixed pivot at the other end, the said link serving upon the combined rearward recoil movement of the barrel extension and breech bolt to initially move the lock bolt about its pivot toward a position out of obstructive relationship with the breech bolt, and a connecting means operative after the said initial movement of the lock bolt and serving as the result of the recoil action of the breech bolt to continue the said movement of the lock bolt.

2. In a firearm of the type described, the combination of a barrel and barrel extension movable rearward upon recoil, a breech bolt also movable rearward upon recoil, a lock bolt pivoted to the barrel extension behind the breech bolt and normally directly engaging the breech bolt to obstruct rearward movement thereof relatively to the barrel extension, a connecting link pivotally connected with the lock bolt and with the breech bolt respectively and normally inoperative to Leonora move the lock bolt as the result of rearward pressure transmitted to the link from the breech bolt, and an operating link pivoted at one endl to tha-,lock bolt and having a fined pivot at the other end, the said link serving upon the combined rearward recoil movementT ofl the`barrel extension and breech bolt to initially mov-e the lock bolt about its pivot toward a position out of obstructive relationship with the breech bolt and to thus move the connecting link to an angular position enabling it to continue the said movement of the lock bolt as the result of the recoil action of the breech bolt.

3. In a firearm of the type described, the combination of a barrel and barrel extension movable rearward upon recoil, a breech bolt also movable rearward upon recoil, a lock bolt pivoted to the barrel extension behind the breech bolt and normally directly engaging 'the breech bolt to obstruct rearward movement thereof relatively to the barrel eX- tension, a connecting link pivotally connected with the lock bolt and with the breech bolt respectively and normally inoperative to move the lock bolt as the result of rearward ressure transmitted to the link from the reech bolt, means serving upon the combined rearward recoil movement of the barrel extension and breech bolt to initially move the lock bolt about its pivot toward a position out of obstructive relationship with the breech bolt and to thus move the connecting link to an angular position enabling it to continue the said movement of the lock bolt as the result of the recoil action of the breech bolt, and a handle connected with the connecting link and adapted to move the link to the aforesaid angular position and also adapted to move the breech block rearward.

4. In a firearm of the type described, the

combination of a barrel and barrel extension movable rearward upon recoil, a breech bolt also movable rearward upon recoil, a lock link pivoted to the barrel extension behind the breech bolt, a connecting link pivotally connected with the lock link andwith the breech bolt respectively, the normal position o'f the connecting link being such that its two pivots and the pivot of the main linkare substantially in the sameplane, means serving upon the combined rearward recoil movement of the barrel extension and breech bolt to initially move the connecting link to an angular position enabling it to move the lock link to a non-locking position as the result of the recoil action of the breech bolt. and a handle connected with the connecting link near its pivotal connection with the breech bolt and in a position such that rearward pressure on the handle tends both to move the link to the aforesaid angular position and to move the breech bolt rearward.

5. In a firearm of the type described, the combination of a barrel and barrel extension movable rearward upon recoil, a breech bolt also movable rearward upon recoil, a lock bolt horizontally pivoted to the barrel extension behind the breech bolt and normally directly engaging the breech bolt to obstruct rearward movement thereof relatively to the barrel extension, a connecting link horizontally pivotally connected with the lock bolt and with the breech bolt respectively and normally inoperative to 'move the lock bolt as the result of rearward pressure transmitted to the link from the breech bolt, means serving upon the combined rearward recoil movement of the barrel extension and breech bolt to initially move the lock bolt upward about its pivot toward a position out of obstructive relationship with the breech bolt and to thus move the connecting link upward to an angular position enabling it to continue the said upward movement of the lock bolt as the result of the recoil action of the breech bolt, and a handle connected with the connecting link near its pivotal connection with the breech bolt and at a level below the said connection so that rearward pressure on the handle tends both to'move the link upward to the aforesaid angular position and to move the breech bolt rearward.

6. In a firearm of the type described, the combination of a barrel and barrel extension movable rearward upon recoil` a breech bolt also movable rearward upon recoil, a lock link pivoted to the barrel extension behind the breech bolt, a connecting link pivotally connected with the lock link and with the breech bolt respectively, the normal position of the connecting link being such that its two pivots and the pivot of the main link are substantially in the same plane, means serving upon the combined rearward recoil movement of the barrel extension and breech bolt to initially move the lock link about its pivot toward a non-locking position and to thus move the connecting link to an angular position enabling it to continue the said movement of the lock link as the result of the recoil action of the breech bolt, and means normally engaging one of the said links to initially prevent the said pivotal movements thereof and disengaged after a limited definite amount of recoil movement to permit the said pivotal movements.

7. In a firearm' of the type described, the combination of a barrel and barrel extension movable rearward upon recoil, a breech bolt also movable rearward upon recoil, a lock bolt pivoted to the barrel extension behind th'e breech bolt and normally directly engaging the breech bolt to obstruct rearward movement thereof relatively to the barrel eX- tension, a connecting lin-k .pivotally connected with the lock bolt and with the breech bolt respectively and normally inoperative to move the lock bolt as the result of rearward pressure transmitted to the link from the breech bolt, means serving upon the combined rearward recoil movement of the barrel extension and breech bolt to initially move the lock bolt about its pivot toward a position out of obstructive relationship with the breech bolt and to thus move the connecting link to an angular position enabling it to continue the said movement of the lock bolt as the result of the recoil action of the breech bolt, and means lengaging the said lock bolt to initially prevent the said pivotal movements of the lock bolt and connecting link, the said means being disengaged after a limited definite amount of recoil movement to permit the said pivotal movements.

8. In a firearm of the type described, the combination of a barrel and barrel extension movable rearward upon recoil, a breech bolt also movable rearward upon recoil, a lock link pivoted to the barrel extension behind the breech bolt, a connecting link pivotally connected with the lock link and with the breech bolt respectively, the normal position of the connecting link being such that its two pivots and the pivot of the main link are substantially in the same plane, means serving upon the combined rearward recoil movement of the barrel extension and breech bolt to initially move the lock link about its pivot toward a non-locking position and to thus move the connecting link to an angular position enabling it to continue the said movement of the lock link as the result of the recoil action of the breech bolt. a handle connected with t-he connecting link and adapted to move the link to the aforesaid angular position and also adapted to move the breech block rearward, and means normally engaging one of the said links to initially prevent the said pivotal movements thereof and disengaged after a limited definite amount of recoil movement to permit the said pivotal movements.

9. In a firearm of the type described, the combination of a barrel and barrel extension movable rearward upon recoil, a breech bolt also movable rearward upon recoil. a firing pin movably mounted on the breech bolt, a scar for holding the firing pin in cocked position, a. lock link pivoted to the barrel extension behind the breech bolt7 a connecting lilik pivotally connected with the lock Irink and with the breech bolt respectively, the normal position of the connecting link being such that its two pivots and the pivot of the main link are substantially in the same plane, means serving upon the combined rearward recoil movement of the barrel extension and breech bolt to initially more the connecting link to an angular position enabling it to .move thc lock link to a non-locking position sition upon the aforesaid pivotal move- ?nt of the link.

l0. ln a rearm of the type described, the mbination of a barrel and barrel extenn movable rearward upon recoil, a breech. lt also movable rearward upon recoil, a 'ing pin inova-bly mounted on the breech dt. a sear for holding the firing pin in cked position, a lock link pivoted to the irrel extension behind the breech bolt, a nneeting link pivotally connected with the ck link and with the breech bolt respecvely, the normal position of the connecting ik being such that its two pivots and the vot of the main link are substantially in e same plane, means serving upon the comned rearward recoil movement of the barl extension and breech boltto initially ove the connecting link to an angular poltion enablingr it to move the lock link to a )1i-locking position as the result of the reil action of the breech bolt, and an arm gidly connected with the connecting link r engaging the firing pin to move it to lcked position upon the aforesaid pivotal ovemcnt of the link.

l1. In a firearm of the type described, the lmbination of a barrel and barrel extension ovable rearward upon recoil, a breech bolt so movable rearward upon recoil, a lock )lt pivoted to the barrel extension behind ie breech bolt and normally directly enxging the breech bolt to obstruct rearward ovement thereof relatively to the barrel Lten'sion, a connecting link pivotally conicted with the lock bolt and with the breech )lt respectively and normally in operative move the lock bolt as the result of rearard pressure transmitted to the link from Le breech bolt, means serving upon the com ned rearward recoil movement of the barll extension and breech bolt to initially ove the lock bolt about its pivot toward a isition out of obstructive relationship ith the breech bolt and to thus move the innecting link to an angular position en- Jling it to continue the said movement of le lock bolt as the result of the recoil acon of the breech bolt, and means connected ith the connecting link for moving the firrg pin to cocked position upon the aforesaid ivotal lnovement of the link.

l2. ln a firearm of the type described,

le combination of a barrelvand barrel. :tension movable rearward upon recoil,`

breech bolt also movable rearward upon ecoil, a firing pin movably mounted on the eech bolt, a scar for holding the' firing pin i cocked position, a lock link pivoted to the irrel extension behind the breech bolt, a mnecting link pivotally connected with the ck link and with the breech bolt respectivethe normal position of the connecting link ing such that its two pivots and the pivot fthe main link are substantially in the same plane, means-serving upon the combined rearrward recoil movement of the barrel extension; and breech bolt to imtially move the connectv ing link-to an angular position enabling-it zo to move the lock link to -a non-lockingiposi;

tion as the result of the recoil action of-'t-her- .l

breech bolt, a handle connected Withtheconf.Y necting link near its pivotal connection' with the breech bolt and in a position suchfthat rearward pressure on'the handle tends Vboth to move the link to the aforesaid angular position and also adaptedto move the breech block rearward, and means connected with.

the connecting link for movingithe firing pin to cocked position upon the aforesaidpivotal movement'of the link.

13. ln a irearm of the Vtype described, 'the combination of a barrel and barrel extension f movable rearward Vupony recoil, `jabreech bolt also movable rearward upon recoil, a. firing pin carried by the breech bolt, means :forl

Sti`

cooking the firingl pin, means including a man# I ually operable trigger for releasing'the firingr pin, a lock link pivoted to the barrel extension behind the breech'bolt, a; connectinglinkv movement of the barrel extension and breech bolt to initially move the connecting linktov an angular position enabling it to move the lock link to a non-locking kposition asv the result of therecoil action of the breech bolt,- anda safety' devicehaving a portion nor`' mally in fposition to prevent rearwardmove#4 ment of the barrel extension and breech bolt and having' another portion normally in po-I sition to prevent the firing movement of the trigger, the said safety device being spring pressed to its normal position and being Inov-y able out of the said'position by the hand ofr vthe user when l gripping the firearm to engage the trigger. i i

14:.l In a firearm of the type `de'scribed,"the combination of a Vbarrel and barrel'exte'nsion movable rearward upon recoil,A a breech bolt also movable rearward upon recoil, a firing pin carried by thebreech boltfmeans for cocking the firing pin, means including `a man'-l ually operable trigger for releasing theV firing pin, a lock bolt pivoted to' the "barrel exten-` sion behind the breech bolt and normally'directly engaging` theibreech bolt to obstruct rearward movement thereof relatively to the barrel extension, a connecting vlink pivotally connected, with' the Alock bolt and with the i' breech bolt respectively and n'ormally'inop# erative to move the-lock bolt as the result move the lock bolt aboiit its ivot toward a v position out of obstructive re ationship with the breech bolt-and to thus move the connecting'link to an angular position enabling 5 it to continue the said 'movement of the lock bolt as the result of the recoil action of the breech bolt, and a safety device having a portion normally in osition to prevent rearward movement of t e barrel extension and w breech bolt and having another portion normally in position to prevent the firing movement of the trigger, the said safety device bein spring pressed to its normal position and ing movable out of thesaid position 15 by thehand of the user when gripping the rearm to engagethe trigger. y

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 26th day of April, 1929.

JONATHAN EDMUND BROWNING. 

